{"id":448,"date":"2020-06-13T10:37:25","date_gmt":"2020-06-13T10:37:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.kcl.ac.uk\/kclip\/?p=448"},"modified":"2020-06-13T14:32:31","modified_gmt":"2020-06-13T14:32:31","slug":"information-centric-grant-free-access-for-iot-fog-networks-edge-vs-cloud-detection-and-learning","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.kcl.ac.uk\/kclip\/2020\/06\/13\/information-centric-grant-free-access-for-iot-fog-networks-edge-vs-cloud-detection-and-learning\/","title":{"rendered":"Information-Centric Grant-Free Access for IoT Fog Networks: Edge vs Cloud Detection and Learning"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3>Problem<\/h3>\n<p>With the advent of 5G, cellular systems are expected to play an increasing role in enabling <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Internet_of_things\">Internet of Things<\/a> (IoT). This is partly due to the introduction of<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Narrowband_IoT\"> NarrowBand IoT<\/a> (NB-IoT), a cellular-based radio technology allowing low-cost and long-battery life connections, in addition to other IoT protocols that operate in the unlicensed band such as <a href=\"https:\/\/lora-alliance.org\/about-lorawan\">LoRa<\/a>. However, these protocols allow for a successful transmission only when a radio resource is used by a single IoT device. Therefore, generally, the amount of resources needed scales with the number of active devices. This poses a serious challenge in enabling massive connectivity in future cellular systems. In our recent IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications <a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/pdf\/1907.05182.pdf\">paper<\/a>, we tackle this issue.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_450\" style=\"width: 327px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-450\" class=\"wp-image-450\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.kcl.ac.uk\/kclip\/files\/2020\/06\/drawing-300x258.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"317\" height=\"273\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.kcl.ac.uk\/kclip\/files\/2020\/06\/drawing-300x258.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.kcl.ac.uk\/kclip\/files\/2020\/06\/drawing-1024x882.png 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.kcl.ac.uk\/kclip\/files\/2020\/06\/drawing-768x661.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.kcl.ac.uk\/kclip\/files\/2020\/06\/drawing-676x582.png 676w, https:\/\/blogs.kcl.ac.uk\/kclip\/files\/2020\/06\/drawing.png 1058w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 317px) 100vw, 317px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-450\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 1: A Fog-Radio architecture where processing information from IoT devices, denoted by the theta symbol,\u00a0 can take place either at the Cloud or the Edge Node.<\/p><\/div>\n<h3>Suggested Solution<\/h3>\n<p>In our new paper, we propose an information-centric radio access technique where IoT devices making (roughly) the same observation of a given monitored quantity, e.g., temperature, transmit using the same radio resource, i.e., in a <em>non-orthogonal <\/em> fashion. Thus, the number of radio resources needed scales with the number of possible relevant values observed, e.g., high or low temperature and not with the number of devices.<\/p>\n<p>Cellular networks are evolving toward Fog-Radio architectures, as shown in Figure 1. In these systems, instead of the entire processing happening at the edge node, radio access related functionalities can be distributed between the cloud and the edge. We propose that detection in the IoT system under study be implemented at either cloud or edge depending on backhaul conditions and on the statistics of the observations.<\/p>\n<h3>Some Results<\/h3>\n<p>One of the important findings of this work is that cloud detection is able to leverage inter-cell interference in order to improve detection performance, as shown in the figure below. This is mainly due to the fact that devices transmitting the same values in different cells are non-orthogonally superposed and thus, the cloud can detect these values with higher confidence.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-454\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.kcl.ac.uk\/kclip\/files\/2020\/06\/gaussian_exponent_sigmaG_cloudandedge_SNR_3-300x155.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"498\" height=\"257\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.kcl.ac.uk\/kclip\/files\/2020\/06\/gaussian_exponent_sigmaG_cloudandedge_SNR_3-300x155.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.kcl.ac.uk\/kclip\/files\/2020\/06\/gaussian_exponent_sigmaG_cloudandedge_SNR_3-1024x531.png 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.kcl.ac.uk\/kclip\/files\/2020\/06\/gaussian_exponent_sigmaG_cloudandedge_SNR_3-768x398.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.kcl.ac.uk\/kclip\/files\/2020\/06\/gaussian_exponent_sigmaG_cloudandedge_SNR_3-676x350.png 676w, https:\/\/blogs.kcl.ac.uk\/kclip\/files\/2020\/06\/gaussian_exponent_sigmaG_cloudandedge_SNR_3.png 1378w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 498px) 100vw, 498px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>More details and results can be found in the complete version of the paper <a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/pdf\/1907.05182.pdf\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Problem With the advent of 5G, cellular systems are expected to play an increasing role in enabling Internet of Things (IoT). This is partly due to the introduction of NarrowBand IoT (NB-IoT), a cellular-based radio technology allowing low-cost and long-battery life connections, in addition to other IoT protocols that operate in the unlicensed band such [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":562,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,16,18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-448","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-5g-technologies","category-edge-computing","category-information-theory","post-preview"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.kcl.ac.uk\/kclip\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/448","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.kcl.ac.uk\/kclip\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.kcl.ac.uk\/kclip\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.kcl.ac.uk\/kclip\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/562"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.kcl.ac.uk\/kclip\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=448"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.kcl.ac.uk\/kclip\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/448\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":457,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.kcl.ac.uk\/kclip\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/448\/revisions\/457"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.kcl.ac.uk\/kclip\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=448"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.kcl.ac.uk\/kclip\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=448"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.kcl.ac.uk\/kclip\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=448"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}