{"id":117,"date":"2019-02-18T11:44:57","date_gmt":"2019-02-18T11:44:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.kcl.ac.uk\/kclip\/?p=117"},"modified":"2019-02-18T14:14:56","modified_gmt":"2019-02-18T14:14:56","slug":"how-can-heterogeneous-5g-services-coexist-on-a-shared-fog-radio-architecture","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.kcl.ac.uk\/kclip\/2019\/02\/18\/how-can-heterogeneous-5g-services-coexist-on-a-shared-fog-radio-architecture\/","title":{"rendered":"How can heterogeneous 5G services coexist on a shared Fog-Radio architecture?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Problem<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.kcl.ac.uk\/kclip\/files\/2019\/02\/system_model.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-118\" width=\"389\" height=\"344\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.kcl.ac.uk\/kclip\/files\/2019\/02\/system_model.png 714w, https:\/\/blogs.kcl.ac.uk\/kclip\/files\/2019\/02\/system_model-300x266.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.kcl.ac.uk\/kclip\/files\/2019\/02\/system_model-676x600.png 676w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 389px) 100vw, 389px\" \/><figcaption>Figure 1: A Fog-Radio Architecture with coexisting 5G services (URLLC and eMBB)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"text-align:left\">In <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/5G\">5G<\/a>, Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications (URLLC) \u2013 catering to use cases such as vehicular-to-cellular communications and Industry 4.0 &#8212; and enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) \u2013 with its support of applications such as virtual reality \u2013 will share the same radio interface and network architecture. The 5G network architecture will be <em>fog-like<\/em> (see Fig. 1), enabling a flexible split of network functionalities between cloud and edge nodes. The cloud generally enables centralised processing, but at the cost of an increased latency for fronthaul transfer, while the edge can provide low-latency feedback but subject to the constraints of local processing. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This raises\nthe following questions:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>How should radio resources be shared between the two services? <\/li><li>How should the URLLC and eMBB network slices be configured?<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A Novel Solution<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In a <a href=\"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/stamp\/stamp.jsp?arnumber=8612914\">recent work<\/a> just published on IEEE Access , we proposed a novel solution illustrated in Fig. 1, whereby<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Baseband processing is carried out at the edge for the URLLC slice, hence ensuring low\u00a0 latency, and centrally at the Base Band Unit (BBU) as in a <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/C-RAN\">C-RAN<\/a> for the eMBB slice, with the aim of increasing spectral efficiency;<\/li><li>eMBB and URLLC services can share the same radio resources in a non-orthogonal fashion \u2013 an approach we define as <em>Heterogeneous <a href=\"https:\/\/radio-electronics.com\/info\/rf-technology-design\/noma-non-orthogonal-multiple-access\/basics-tutorial.php\">Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access<\/a>.<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Towards the\ngoal of managing the interference between URLLC and eMBB packets arising from\nH-NOMA, we consider a number of practical approaches in order of complexity.\nFor the uplink, we have:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Treating URLLC interference as\nnoise: each edge node forwards both eMBB and URLLC signal to the BBU, where the\neMBB signal is decoded while treating URLLC signal as noise;<\/li><li>Puncturing: each edge node discards\nthe received eMBB signal whenever a URLLC user is transmitting;<\/li><li>Successive Interference\nCancellation (SIC): each edge node decodes and cancels the URLLC signal before\ntransmitting only the eMBB signal to the cloud.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">And for the\ndownlink we consider:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Superposition coding: each edge\nnode transmits a superposition of both eMBB and URLLC signal to corresponding\nusers;<\/li><li>Puncturing: each edge node discards\nthe eMBB signal whenever a URLLC signal is generated at the edge node.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> It is noted that there is no counterpart of successive interference cancellation for the downlink. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Some Results<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.kcl.ac.uk\/kclip\/files\/2019\/02\/results.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-120\" width=\"457\" height=\"320\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.kcl.ac.uk\/kclip\/files\/2019\/02\/results.png 997w, https:\/\/blogs.kcl.ac.uk\/kclip\/files\/2019\/02\/results-300x210.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.kcl.ac.uk\/kclip\/files\/2019\/02\/results-768x538.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.kcl.ac.uk\/kclip\/files\/2019\/02\/results-676x474.png 676w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 457px) 100vw, 457px\" \/><figcaption>Figure 2<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> To give a taste of the results in the paper, we now provide an example. In Fig. 2, we plot the eMBB average per-cell sum-rates (black curves) and URLLC per-cell outage capacity (red curves) for the uplink as function of the URLLC activation probability. The latter is a measure of the URLLC traffic load. In general, the results demonstrate the potential advantages of H-NOMA for both services, especially when the URLLC traffic load is sufficiently large and successive interference cancellation is enabled at the edge nodes. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Link to our paper:&nbsp;<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/stamp\/stamp.jsparnumber=8612914\">https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/stamp\/stamp.jsparnumber=8612914<\/a>   <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Problem In 5G, Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications (URLLC) \u2013 catering to use cases such as vehicular-to-cellular communications and Industry 4.0 &#8212; and enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) \u2013 with its support of applications such as virtual reality \u2013 will share the same radio interface and network architecture. The 5G network architecture will be fog-like (see Fig. 1), [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":562,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[4,6,7,5,8],"class_list":["post-117","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-5g-technologies","tag-5g","tag-c-ran","tag-embb","tag-fog-ran","tag-urllc","post-preview"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.kcl.ac.uk\/kclip\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/117","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.kcl.ac.uk\/kclip\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.kcl.ac.uk\/kclip\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.kcl.ac.uk\/kclip\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/562"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.kcl.ac.uk\/kclip\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=117"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.kcl.ac.uk\/kclip\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/117\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":131,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.kcl.ac.uk\/kclip\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/117\/revisions\/131"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.kcl.ac.uk\/kclip\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=117"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.kcl.ac.uk\/kclip\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=117"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.kcl.ac.uk\/kclip\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=117"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}